The Second Intifada

Second Intifada. Credit: Palestine ‘SunBird’ FB page.

The Second Intifada, also known as the Al-Aqsa Intifada, was a pivotal and intensely violent conflict in the Israeli-Palestinian history, spanning from 2000 to 2005. This comprehensive article delves into the background, timeline, impact on the Oslo Accords, and international involvement in this conflict.

Background

The Second Intifada emerged from a matrix of long-standing frustrations and immediate provocations. Key among these was the failure of the 2000 Camp David Summit, intended to achieve a final agreement in the Israeli-Palestinian peace process​​. The Oslo Accords, signed in 1993 and 1995, had set the stage for these talks. They included Israel’s commitment to withdrawing from parts of the Gaza Strip and West Bank and affirming Palestinian self-government in these areas. Conversely, the Palestine Liberation Organization recognized Israel and took responsibility for internal security in evacuated areas. However, the on-ground realities left both parties disillusioned​​.

Impact on the Oslo Accords

Oslo Accords Signing. Credit: ‘History In Pictures’ FB page.

The Second Intifada severely impacted the Oslo Accords. The Palestinians’ build-up of arms and security forces, in violation of the Accords’ terms, contributed to the breakdown of peace talks​​. The violence and distrust deepened, halting any progress toward peace and leaving both sides more entrenched in their positions​​.

International Involvement

Internationally, there were attempts to mediate peace, including the Arab Peace Initiative by the Arab League in 2002. This initiative proposed normalizing relations between Arab countries and Israel in exchange for a comprehensive peace agreement and the establishment of a Palestinian state. Despite wide support, this initiative was not implemented, and the conflict continues​​.

Context in Israeli – Arab Conflict

The Second Intifada is a defining moment in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It underscored the profound desperation and frustration of Palestinians and their commitment to fighting for freedom. Simultaneously, it highlighted the resilience of the Israeli state and its determination to maintain control over the Palestinian territories​​. The high death toll and the lack of significant progress towards resolution left a legacy of increased distrust and further complicated the Israeli-Palestinian relations​​.

Conclusion

The Second Intifada, with its deep roots in historical grievances and immediate triggers, not only resulted in significant loss of life and suffering but also marked a significant shift in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Its implications on the peace process, particularly the Oslo Accords, and the heightened international attention it drew, continue to shape the geopolitical dynamics in the region.